Its goals were religious, nationalist, and political in nature Hong sought the conversion of the Han people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, to overthrow the Qing dynasty, and a state transformation. The uprising was commanded by Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka (a Han subgroup) and the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. After the conflict that caused around 20 million dead, the established Qing government won decisively, although at a great price to its fiscal and political structure. Although following the fall of Tianjing (now Nanjing) the last rebel army was not wiped out until August 1871. Also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, it lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was waged between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The 19th century Taiping Rebellion in China may have been the deadliest civil war in history. T'ai 4-p'ing 2 t'ien 1-kuo 2 yün 4-tung 4 "Taiping (Great Peace) Heavenly Kingdom Movement"
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